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Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is located in Central Asia at the centre of the Eurasian continent, nearly equidistant from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Capital              Ashgabat city

Population        5369 thous. (2000)

Area                  491.2 thous. km²

Turkmenistan borders with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the north, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan in the east, Afghanistan and Iran in the south, and with Azerbaijan through the Caspian Sea in the west. The total length of its border is 5646 km.

The plains occupy major part of the country area - 73%, 15% - mountains and forelands, 12% - water surfaces and non-soil formations (talus, rocks, and precipices). The Karakum desert occupies northern and central part of the country (about 80% of the territory).

In comparison to other Central Asian states, Turkmenistan has the lowest operational resources of groundwater, 60% of which are formed from the runoff lost through infiltration. As of 01.01.1999, the approved groundwater resources for the entire country were 3.36 million m³ per annum.

In the territory of Turkmenistan there is formed about 1.3% of total flow of the Aral Sea Basin that equals 1549 mln.kub.m per annum. But consumption of the water resources of the given basin in the country reaches 18075 mln.kub.m per annum (given 1999.)

The climate of Turkmenistan is sharply continental, with the exception of the inshore zone of the Caspian Sea and the mountains. Average annual air temperature along the whole territory is positive and ranges on plain part of Turkmenistan from 12^oC-17^oC in the north to 15^oC-18^oC in the south-east. The biggest amount of sediments along the territory is observed in the mountains, and in forelands - average is up to 398 mm (Koyne-Kesir), the smallest - above Kara-Bogaz-Gol bay (95 mm) and northeast of Turkmenistan (105 mm).

In order to improve of the social-economic and environmental situation in Turkmenistan part of Priaralie, where lie  Dashoguz velayat and Draganatinski etrap of Turkmenistan, it was established Branch in Dashoguz, which is located in Dashoguz. (more...)

For more details about Turkmenistan visit:

www. turkmenistan.spb.ru

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