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Water resources use |
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Use of water resources in the Central Asia, mainly for drinking and irrigation needs, began more 6000 years ago. Water resources began to be used intensively in XX century, especially after 1960, that is caused by fast growth of the population, intensive development of the industry and, mainly, irrigation. Dynamics of use of water resources in the Aral Sea Basin (mill. m3)
As a whole on region irrigated agriculture consumes more than 90% from a total water-intake. Apparently from the submitted data, the total water-intake in 1960 in the Aral Sea Basin was 60610 mill. m3, and by 1990 it has increased up to 116271 mill. m3, or in 1,8 times. For the same period the population in the specified territory has increased in 2,7 times, the irrigation areas have increased in 1,7 times, agriculture production – in 3 times, a total national product – almost in 6 times. After disintegration of Soviet Union in 1991 total use of water in region began to be reduced, that has been caused by the general economic degradation. In 1999 the general water-intake was on 11,4 km3 less, than in 1990 and has made 104955 mill.m3. At the same time it is undoubtedly, that on reduction of water-intake in the basin there is appreciably affected decrease in volumes of gross output in the majority of the countries of region, no less than increase in crops of grain crops, alongside with reduction of crops of rice and cotton.
Thus, the present total use of natural water resources composes 130 … 150 % on Syr-Darya Basin and 100 … 110 % - on Amu Darya Basin. It means that the part of water is reused within the full basin framework. |
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It is
necessary to note, that in water-economic reports for the analysis of use
of water resources on each river basin it is necessary to take into
account not only selection of water for needs of economy, but also loss of
a drain, and also water consumption by a natural complex. Unproductive
losses of a drain on length of the river in present conditions change from
3,5 up to 6,5 km3 per year – for Amu Darya and from 2,0 up to 4,5 km3 per
year for Syr-Darya. Besides as it was marked above, the part of losses of
a drain is shown as damage from intensive usage of underground waters.
This value composes 1,8 … 2,2 km3 per year – on Amu Darya and 2,2 … 3,1 –
on Syr-Darya.